What to look for when analysing

Mis-en-scene

Setting
Decor
lighting
Body-lamguage
Props

Editing

Cuts
Dissolves
Fades
Wipes
Jump cut
Cross cutting
Cutaways
Freezeframe
Flashback
Graphic Match
Linear Narrative
Match on action
continuity
montage
parallel editing
juxtaposition

Sound

Diagetic
Non-diagetic
synchronous
Asynchronous
music
sound and genre
sound and narrative
sound and setting
sound and character

Camera Movement

shot types
camera angles
camera movement
pan
tilt
track
dolly
crane
hand held
reverse zoom
composition
Rule of thirds
depth of field
deep and shallow focus
focus pulls

Representation Of Disibility

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Gl8jVX9WWM#t=36

Mis-en-scene

Billy is first shown dusting himself off in the dark on his own, which makes us assume he has been involved in some mischief. Stereotypically, some people with certain disabilities can be associated with 'strange' behaviour. The police dogs also reinforce the assumption that Billy has done something wrong. After he has been caught, his mother approaches the room with a bowl of water and a cloth, which shows us that she is used to caring for him like she'd care for a child, and tending to his needs. When Mr Frost is speaking to billy, he tilts his head in a confused manner, which could be associated with the confusion that some disabled people may get as they might not understand things as easily as someone without a disability. Mr Frost is shown smiling at Billy every now and then, like you would smile at a child to comfort them.

Camera work

Near the beginning of the clip there is a long tracking shot of Billy, so that we are able to see his appearance. From this alone, it may be already noticeable that Billy has a disability. Also, this shot allows us to see the dirt on his face which reinforces the idea of him causing mischief. Shortly after this we see a close and reaction shot of Billy when he notices the police. He looks very frightened and confused. At this point disability is being represented as being easily frightened, confused and vulnerable. When Billy's father crouches beside him, Billy is shown in a high angle shot which makes him childlike and vulnerable. There are constant close ups of Billy to show his confused expression, and close ups of Mr Frost to show him smiling reassuringly like you would do to a child.

Sound

At the start of the clip when Billy is seen out on his own in the dark, mysterious sounding non diagetic music is playing which relates to the idea of Billy being up to something. When he is caught, Billy shouts "I haven't done anything wrong" in a pleading and child like way. Here disability is represented as pitiful and powerless. Mr Frost talks about needing someone with him while he talks to Billy in case he "breaks the rules". This suggests that disabled people need to be handled and spoken to very carefully. Billy's mother can then be heard asking if she should clean him up. Thus suggests that his mother takes care of him like a child, and this represents disability as being treated like a child. Billy's father explained in very clear and simple terms why Mr Frost is there. It is like he is explaining something to a child, and does not want to overcomplicate things. Disability is being represented here as not being able to understand things that someone with out a disability would. Mr Frost speaks in a quiet, friendly tone to Billy as if he is trying not to worry him. This suggests that people with certain disabilities might get easily worried or frightened.

Editing

A shot reverse shot sequence of close ups of both Billy and Mr Frost have been put together, to emphasise the adult to child like conversation they are having. This sequence shows how Billy is spoken to like a child, which represents disability as being treated extra carefully and in a child like way.

Analysing Class & Status in Downton Abbey

In the first scene the mis en scene depicts a young man in practical, dull looking clothes riding an old looking bike. From what he is wearing we can tell that he is probably not very wealthy and is working class. The music is dramatic and fast pace while the camera pans to follow his movement in a long take which makes it seem as if he is in a rush. In another scene we can see him handing a paper to another man, however this man is very different in appearance. He is very smartly dressed in expensive looking clothing and speaks very clearly and confidently, unlike the young man who speaks more commonly. From these things we can see a huge difference in class between these two characters. In terms of status, the man in the suit raises his voice and patronises the young man, who doesn't stick up for himself or significantly answer back. This shows that the smartly dressed man has more status than the paper boy because he is the one being listened to and respected. When the paper is being passed from the boy to the man in the suit the camera pans to show that the smart man is standing higher up that the boy, so the camera slightly tilts upwards. This is to emphasis that fact that the man in the suit is not just physically, but in terms of status higher up than the paper boy.

Two scenes are shown one after the other which are very contrasting in terms of class and status. In the first of these two scenes, the mis en scene depicts a room full of people, some dressed in suits like the bultlers and servants, some dressed in more practical clothes such as the cook. Each of these people have a different amount of status and class, for example one of the servants who is dressed in a formal suit and looks very clean, well groomed, and of high class who speaks very clearly and politely has a lot less status than the messy looking cook wearing dirty, practical clothes who speaks very commonly as she is ordering him about and he is obeying. This is a good example to show the difference between class and status. Bells can be heard ringing and the clash of cutlery and pots and pans. The editing is very quick and there is a lot of camera movement to make the atmosphere seem busy as the servants and cooks are working hard, however shortly after this another scene is shown which is very contrasting with this atmosphere. In this next scene a character is shown who had previously been ordering a lot of the other characters about, so we already know he has more status. This man who is very neat and tidy looking wearing a smart suit and speaking with good grammar and pronunciation is shown walking down the stairs. Slow and relaxed classical music is played which creates a relaxed atmosphere, and he does not at all rushed, unlike the cooks and servants. Very long takes are used to emphasise that he can take his own time and does not need to rush for any reason. A dog follows behind him and the mis en scene depicts huge old paintings on the wall behind him. The details of the room he is in shows that he is very wealthy as he can afford to live in this very large place, which shows he is upper class. He also does not need to go to any trouble and has the luxury of doing everything in is own time. This highly contrasts against the previous scene where the cooks and servants had to rush about to complete certain jobs.

In the last scene of the clip, the camera follows behind a man and moves about as if it were the point of view of someone walking behind him. The man asks a maid "is her ladyship awake?". From this title we can tell that the character we are about to see is very well respected and therefore has high status. Something else which suggests this is the sudden burst of music which is played during the long take of the man walking towards the door. This emphasises the importance of the character behind the door. When we see inside the room, the mis en scene depicts a large mirror, expensive looking accessories around the room, large curtains made of expensive looking fabric, and a very large luxury bed which a woman sits in. She is wearing very expensive and fancy looking bed clothes, and this as well as the rest of the room shows that she is upper class as she is wealthy enough to afford it. Most of the room is dull and shadowy but a rectangle of light lies on the woman in be to emphasise her importance and status. A maid places a tray on her lap with her breakfast, and she says "that'll be all for the moment". From this we can see that she has a lot more status than the maid, as the maid is waiting on her and obeying her without saying a word.

Representation Of Age

Mis-en-scene

The first thing I noticed about the mis-en-scene of the video representing age, is that the prop of a camera is being hidden by two teenage boys. This relates to the stereotype of teenage boys being rebellious and sneaky. The teacher who catches them is wearing a dull looking, patterned top and a yellow tie. People who are middle aged or over are not normally associated with wearing trendy and fashionable clothes, and dull patterned clothing might be seen on a lot of older people. The younger female teacher that joins the conversation is wearing more colourful, fashionable clothes as she looks like she could be in her late twenties or early thirties. 

Another teacher is shown with a pen behind his ear. This is not something you would see a lot of younger people do as they are not so much focused and organised in this way. They also might see it as uncool or a nerdy thing to do, as most teenagers want to look good in front of there classmates in order to fit in.

In another scene two teenage girls are shown walking along carrying fashionable bags and both wearing the same hoop earrings. It is common for teenage girls to follow the crowd and copy other peoples looks in other to be up to date with new trends and fashions for popularity. One of these girls starts a fight with another student. This kind of childish behaviour is less common in older people as they are less naive and have more maturity. Also, teenagers are stereotypically moody and angry, which is shown in this part of the clip.

A bit further on in the video, one boy is shown repeatedly looking round at a girl which indicates that he likes her, however her boyfriend then walks into the class and sits next to her. This relates to the fact that a lot of teenagers begin to develop crushes in high school, and there is commonly a lot of love drama. This scene shows an example of a love triangle, and two guys who both like the same girl. This is a stereotypical teen situation which is also seen in many teen romance films. 


In another scene, another teacher is shown however the way he's dressed is completely out of his norm, and goes against the teacher stereotypes. It seems unusual that he is wearing this because he is middle aged, however if it were a young man, about 20 wearing this, we would think nothing of it. Two students are shown laughing at this man and other teachers are in shock because they find it so unusual for someone of his age and occupation to wear something which may be teenagers fashion.

Camera angles/movement 

The first shot of this clip is a low angle close up of the teachers feet. This emphasises that fact he is coming closer and closer to the boys and gives the impression that he is not going to be happy with them. From this we can kind of guess the age of the character without even seeing them, because we know that teachers tell children off if they are not behaving. After this when the camera is being hidden by the two boys, it is shown in a close up where they are putting it and as they lower it, the camera tilts downwards to follow this movement. This emphasises the face that they are trying to hide something from other people, which relates to the stereotype of teenage boys being rebellious and mischievous. When the camera is given to the teacher, the camera tilts down to focus and emphasise this action, and the fact that they are doing what is told. This shows that because the teacher is older, they are respecting and obeying him. 

In the next scene, a two shot close up is used when a student is talking to one of the teachers. Using a shot this close up and having the characters face to face really emphasises the age gap and differences between them both

An medium long shot is used when two girls are talking rather than just a medium shot or close up to show what they are wearing, as this really relates and is stereotypical to their age. Shortly after this In another scene, when a girls boyfriend walks into the class, sits beside her, and starts talking about their relationship, another boys face is shown as a close up to show an upset reaction, as he liked this girl as well. This gives us a hint that he might have a crush on her, which is typical for a teenage boy. 

During the fight between a boy and a girl, a lot of sudden and unnecessary camera movement is involved. This is to emphasise the extent of the fight, make it seem more physical and to add discomfort. It is common for people this age to have a lot of physical fights. After this scene, a teacher is shown wearing unusual clothes for his age; clothes that are in fashion for teenagers. Because of this oddness, the camera tilts upwards to slowly reveal the teachers outfit, to make sure our focus is on what he's wearing. This is really emphasised because it is not what we'd think would be normal for a man of this occupation or age to wear. To emphasise this even more, the teacher is show from a low angle looking upwards, while the camera looks down on the woman he is talking to, to show that he is the main focus of this scene. 

When another teacher sees this man's outfit, there is a close up shot of her reaction which tells us that this certainly isn't normal for him, even though we haven't seen what he normally wears. It shows us that she is not used to seeing him in this kind of clothes and that it is very unusual for her. 

Sound

At the beginning of the clip, the two boys hiding the camera can be heard whispering. This shows they are up to something which is typical for boys their age. The language they are using is very representative of their age, as they use phrases like "chill out man". It would be a lot more likely to hear a teenage boy saying this than an older man, who would use a lot more professional and proper language. When the teacher speaks, he speaks very clearly and confidently with long, detailed sentences. He is confident when he talks as he knows he has authority over these boys, as they are a lot younger than him. It is not uncommon for older people to drag their sentences on and add in more detail, while younger people tend to stick to the point and use abbreviated words and modern language. The female teacher also speaks confidently and raises her voice when she talks to the two boys. She also knows she has authority as she is older. A part of this scene which really contrasts the female teachers aim against the male teachers is when the man suggests she puts in an insurance claim, however she does not reply and looks confused as if she had not thought to do this. This relates to the stereotype of older people being wiser.

In the next scene when a student had come to see one of the other teachers, the teacher uses very complex and polite language when he says to the boy "to what do I owe this pleasure?". It would be less likely hearing a teenager speak this way unless they had been brought up to be extremely polite. 

When two girls are talking, one of them uses the expression "hoe bag" to describe her mum. A lot of older people would find it unacceptable to call their mother something of that nature, however they had been brought up so differently to young teenagers who are living in a modern world. It would be more likely to hear a teenager say words such as this, as older people would be more professional and mature. When this girl spots a boy she in in an argument with, non-diagetic up beat, techno music begins to play. This music relates to these teenagers age because it is modern sounding and stereotypically sounds like the type of music people of this age would listen to. This music is played every time this girl appears during the clip. The music becomes louder when the girl and boy are fighting to emphasise this. The girls voice also becomes very loud and overpowering in comparison to the boys. It is common and stereotypical for girls to be moody and angry during their teenage years. 

When one of the teachers appears dressed in a teenage boys fashion, non-diagetic rap music is played in the background, as this is stereotypically the kind of music someone would listen to who wears this kind of clothing. It emphasises the fact that the man's clothes look too young for him. He asks a woman "are they meant to be like that?" referring to his trousers which where positioned very low down. He says it in a confused manner as if he can't understand this kind of fashion himself, as it must be so much different from what he's used to and what he might of worn when he was young, growing up in a different decade. Even other teachers mention he looks "ridiculous" and that he "can't go to class dressed like that". This shows that these people are not used to seeing him dressed like this, and it is unusual to them. A woman who the man talks to is relatively young and uses the word "innit". This kind of abbreviated language is most common among younger people, as you would be less likely to hear older people speak this way.

Editing

When the teacher appears while the boys are hiding the camera, there is a sequence of very quick shots to emphasise that the boys are up to something and doing something they should not be doing, which is stereotypical of their age. The same goes for when the boy and the girl are fighting, however this is just to emphasise the seriousness of the fight and the action. 

Analysis of sound

Dialogue - Speech patterns within gender, age. Volume, pitch, levels

Background music - Set the mood, era, regional identity, time of year

Diagetic - What the actors can hear

Non-diagetic - The actors cannot hear

Synchronous - The sound source can be seen on screen

Asynchronous - The sound source cannot be seen

Ambient sound - Background noise

Foley sound - Everyday sound

Analysis of Mis-en-scene

Setting - Gives information about genre, time scale and regional identity. Also might give information on the characters such as what class they are living in.

Props - Gives clues about characters so that we can assume certain aspects of them. Build meaning. 

Lighting:

Hight key lighting - soft and feminine. used in conjunction with people with light skin, hair and clothing

Low key lighting - aggressive, unsettling, mysterious, eerie

Costume - Reveals era, occupation of character, wealth, sexuality

Analysis of camera work

Shot Types

Establishing shot - Establishes the settings. Shows us where and what time of day the action is going to happen. Usually the first shot of a film or programme.

Helicopter shot - Shot from above which is taken in a helicopter usually to establish where the film is being set. Shows high production value.

Mater shot - Establishes the limitation of the action.

Long shot - Usually a person from head to foot. Establishes appearance of the character, and shows their relationship with the location.

Medium Shot - The waist up of a person. Often used when more than one person is in the shot.

Close up - The face of a person. Shows reaction and emotion.

Extreme close up - Focuses on a persons action. Brings the audiences attention to what the producer wants them to focus on.

Camera Movement 

Panning - Camera slowly moves horizontal. Shows everything without zooming out. 

Tilt - A vertical pan. Used to scan the body of characters, usually woman.

Dolly shot - The camera tripod is put on wheels and moves smoothy along. Allows you to make a connection with the content inside and outside of your shot.  

Steady cam - Camera is balanced and moves smoothly along. 

Camera Angles

High - Looks down on something or someone, making them look more vulnerable, weak and insignificant. Also shows point of view

Low - Looks up to something and makes it or them look stronger and more powerful. Also shows point of view. 

Countered angle - The camera is on a diagonal.

Representation Of Gender

Mis-en-scene

The first thing that I notice about the mis-en-scene of this scene Is the staircase. It shows a significant difference in height, which could be associated with power. The high platform the man in the suit is standing on represents how he is higher up on the the hierarchy of power than the woman. His clothing shows that he is quite important and looking at the woman's outfit next to him, this couple come across as being relatively wealthy. This wealth gives the man power.

Two men are shown leading the woman into the room either side of her, and both are holding guns. This shows how these men too posses more power than the girl, as the guns protect them and cause them to be less vulnerable. The woman has no weapon here. A gun is also held to two women in maids outfits, and another man. What these two women are wearing is stereotypical to their gender, because work involving cleaning is usually expected to be done by women more than men. On the other hand, the fact that one of the men with guns is holding up a gun to another man who is standing with the maids slightly evens out the power of the genders, as this man is just as vulnerable and holds the same amount of power as the two maids do.

A red light is shown on the man in the suit's face which shows he is the bad guy in this scene, as the colour red could be associated with evil and bad. Usually in films, the bad guy usually possesses most of the power to start. Another man is shown standing in the corner with dirt over his face. This shows that he had probably been involved in a lot of action or conflict before this scene, which relates to the face that men are stereotypically stronger than women. Shortly after this, a women is visible dressed in a low cut, fancy and expensive looking dress standing next to the man in the suit on the platform. She does not take part in any of the speech at this point but just stands there. She is there as an item of the man in the suit, just to look pretty next to him, which is what some people viewed a woman's role to be a few years back. Animated rockets are then shown on a screen to establish just how much power this man holds, and how much more he has control over compared to the woman.

A bit further on in the video when the woman suddenly laughs, the mis-en-scene depicts a reaction shot of the man in the suit, to show that he is puzzled as to why someone with this little power would find the situation funny, and how she has done something which he hasn't ordered her to do. It is at this point that the power slowly begins to shift from one gender to another. A few flashbacks from the woman are then shown, one in which she is walking on a windy night, looking cold and tired. This relates to the stereotype of women being weaker than men, however it also contrasts against this stereotype as it shows her trying her hardest to put the cold aside as she is so determined to reach her destination. 

Another flashback shows her getting a group of people together to try and convince them to join her and help her. This is relates to another stereotype of women which is being good at getting people together for teamwork, and also story-telling. Between these flashbacks a digital countdown is shown, which indicates the time it'll take for the power to completely switch from the man in the suit to the woman and we see that this happens at the end of the clip. When the man in the suit beings to realize this is happening, the mis-en-scene depicts him grabbing onto the rails to hold himself up, as if he cannot hold himself up properly as he is becoming weaker and losing power to the woman. Another reaction shot of the man is shown where his smile completely drops and his eyebrows raise in shock, when he realizes the woman is taking his power.


Near to the end of the clip, the mis-en-scene shows the doctor changing back to his original form which indicates that the man in the suit has lost basically all of his power, which has been taken by the woman. A crowd of people are shown all chanting the same thing. Woman are also stereotypically better at organisation than men, which is shown in this shot as her plans have clearly worked and everyone has got together. At the same time, the woman in the red dress who had not said a word, is now shown going against her man and joining in with the chanting. This shows that this man has now lost so much power, that not even his woman is looking up to him or obeying him anymore. Right in the last seconds of the clip, the man in the suit is shown cowering on the floor, using his hands as a barrier from the doctor. Comparing this from right at the very beginning of the clip when he towered above everyone else, we can clearly see a contrast, and can tell that he now as no power compared to the other male in front of him, who earlier was locked up in a cage and was one of the most vulnerable in the room. 

Editing

Something which involved quite a lot of editing at the beginning of the scene is the old man in the cage, which we later find out is actually the doctor. This is important because usually the doctor would protect the woman, as this is a stereotypical role of the man in most cases, however in this case he cannot protect her, as the editing done makes him look old, vulnerable and small. Shortly after this, editing is used to show masses of rockets which the man in the suit is in control of. The fact that there are a lot of rockets gives the the man more power than if there was just one rocket. This is due to the editing.

A while later in this clip, the woman's flashbacks are shown. They are edited to look more dull than the shots of what is happening in the present. This shows that they are memories of the woman, and stereotypically women are better at remembering things than men. Also, a white flash has been edited between the present and the memories to also make it clear that this is what they are. In one of the flashbacks the woman is shown walking in the cold and wind at night which has been edited to be slow motion. This emphasizes how long the journey was, and makes it clear that it was hard for her as she was a woman who is stereotypically weaker than a man. 

At the end of the clip a lot of editing is used in the transformation of the doctor. He is brightly glowing and ids lifted of the floor so he is hovering. Both of these show the sudden power the doctor has gained, as height can be associated with power. 

Sound

The first sound that can be heard is non-diagetic western music. The beginning of the clip also resembles a traditional fight between two males that you might see in an old western film, however in this case, the twist is that it is between a male and a female. 

To start with, the man in the suit is the only one talking, and he does so very loud and confidently as he knows he possesses a much larger amount of power than the girl. She keeps silent, even when she is asked a question, yet she does what she is told. At one point however, the woman is heard laughing. This is where the power begins to shift from the man to her, as she is building up the confidence to go against his word. To start of the woman talks quite quietly, as she still does not have much power at this point, however gradually she becomes louder and on the same level as the man. This also shows a shift in power. As the woman gains more and more power, and becomes louder and louder, the pitch of the western music becomes higher, as if it was leading up to something. On top of this the digital countdown is heard ticking in the background which causes the same effect.  

During one of the woman's flashbacks, she is heard saying "i love him" when talking about the doctor. This was not necessary in this shot and is there to relate to the value of romantic love that a lot of women have. It also shows she is sensitive, and woman are thought to be more sensitive than men. 

When the doctor begins transforming back to his normal form, the music becomes a lot louder and more triumphant to establish that the woman has become a lot more powerful than she was at the start, and the man in the suit has become a lot weaker, and right at the end of the clip he is screaming and shouting "No! This isn't fair!". This resembles something a child would scream if they didn't get their way, and were lacking power. 

Camera Work

To start with, the woman is shot from a high angle, as if the man is looking down on her, and the man is shot from a low angle, as if the woman is looking up at him. This sums up the amount of power each of these character possess at this point in the scene, as height can be associated with power. The man possesses a lot of power while the woman has barely none. The doctor in the cage is also shot at a very low angle to start with, for the same reason.

When the man in the suit orders the woman to kneel, she does so, and as this happens the camera tilts down as she lowers, to emphasise how low down she now is both physically, and in terms of power. Shortly after this the woman laughs. This shot is filmed as a close up to emphasise how out o place and odd it is in this situation. It is also the starting point for the shift of power from the man to the woman, which is why it is made very clear in the clip. 

Textual Analysis - Greek Yoghurt Ad

The traditional Greek music is the first thing you notice about the advert that identifies where it is set. It is not modern music, so it makes the audience believe this ad is set in the past. Shortly after this the boy shouts out to his mother, however we can tell that he is not speaking English. This also shows the audience that this ad is not set in England. As well as speaking another language, the boy is also shown to be very tanned which also establishes that he is in another, warmer country. He does not seem to be in a very high class, because of the small house he is living in, and the clothes he is wearing.The boy keeps a cow at the front of his house which shows that this is not set in a city area. 

This mis-en-scene is shown near at the beginning of the ad. It depicts an old looking house in a rural area. there are no windows, just shutters. The audience would clearly be able to see that this is not a modern house, and it is certainly not in this country.

This mis-en-scene depicts a man on a horse or donkey which you do not see very often in a modern city. The donkey might also hint that this is ad is set in Greece, as they are common in that area. 

An establishing shot is shown of the village and the mis-en-scene depicts old, rough looking buildings made with stone rather than bricks. None of the buildings have windows, just square holes in the walls. An old lady is shown beating the dust out of her laundry. She also does not speak English. Nowadays we would use a washing machine, so this is another clue that this is not set in the present.

  These two screen shots from the add establish that this is a rural, farming area. The left screen shot depicts what looks like a small farm, and the screenshot on the right depicts a farmer with his sheep. It would not be likely to spot these things in a city area, so we know this is in the countryside. 

At the end of the ad, we see the inside of the boys house. This mis-en-scene depicts a room with no door, not much decoration, and plain walls. This tells us that this family must be working class, and that this is set in the past, as modern houses are a lot different. Also, what the boys mother is wearing also tells us something about the time period this is set, and the class of the family as she is not in fashionable clothes, but a plain top and skirt made from the same material.